Supporting Deaf Pupils in Secondary Schools
Presented on Wednesday 28 September, 2011
Using the Science Signs Glossary: An Online Bilingual Resource for Deaf Learners
Rachel O'Neill
Collaborators
Dr Audrey Cameron
Science advisor
Gary Quinn - Heriot-Watt University, Linguistics advisor
Overview of talk
- How we developed the glossary
- Using the glossary in your work with signing deaf pupils
- Future subject areas
Initial project: web development
- Maths pilot by Dr Brennan and G Hughes in 2004
- Aim to produce 250 science signs
- Intermediate level (ages 11–14)
- Chemistry, Biology and Physics
- Definitions in BSL - very important
Project development
- 2007: £25,000 from Scottish Government
- Team developed over 250 signs for SSC website
- 2008: Evaluation with pupils and teachers
- Science shows start
- 2009: Science shows and presentations
- 2010: Feasibility study for SQA centrally produced science exams
- 2011: Added to Biology and Chemistry terms and definitions as a result of SQA project - to SG Credit level
- Successful bid for Physics/CDT with funding from Royal Association Engineering
- 2012: Further fundraising
- We hope to run pilot science exams for SQA
Other science vocabulary sources
- Dundee school website - science signs
- Wolverhampton university website - science and technology signs
- Cath Smith books – line drawings
- American site: Lang et al (2006)
- No BSL definitions
- Method not published
- Deaf people's involvement
BSL vocabulary for specialist areas
- BSL and technical signs
- In the past, deaf people were excluded from professional jobs
- Vocabulary develops when deaf people work together
- Eg; Deaf printers vs deaf dental technicians
- Parallels with other languages – eg; Gaelic
- The productive lexicon (Brennan, 1992)
- Sandwich of several signs
- Simplification may follow
- Eg; non-terminating decimal: http://www.ssc.education.ed.ac.uk/bsl/bslnon.html
Our principles
- We didn't want to use initialised signs
- Eg; EXOTHERMIC, ENDOTHERMIC
- Deaf children's bad experiences with initialised signs across the curriculum
Assembling the team
- John Brownlie (BSc in Physics): a multimedia specialist working with a Deaf organisation
- Dr Audrey Cameron (PhD in Chemistry): a school teacher of hearing children
- John Denerley (Dip SW): owner of a wildlife park, deaf from a deaf family
- Dr Colin Dunlop (PhD in Physics): an astronomy researcher
- Gerry Hughes (BSc in Mathematics): involved in the mathematics project and a school teacher of deaf children
- Dr Mark Fox (PhD in Chemistry): a chemistry researcher
- Mary Frances Dolan (BSc in Chemistry): a school teacher of deaf children
- Claire Leiper (BA in Biology and English): a freelance trainer
- Gary Quinn (MA in Linguistics): sign advisor for the project
- Derek Rodger (BSc in Chemistry, MEd deaf education): a school teacher of deaf children
- Eileen Burns (Teacher of Deaf Children and Physics teacher)
- Rachel O’Neill's previous experience with CD-ROM Project Maths and IT (Microbooks)
Method of work
- First stage: Collecting English science terms
- Second stage: Checked existing science signs (Dundee and Wolverhampton)
- Third stage: Subject group discussed which to keep
- Fourth stage: Subject group discussed if they had another sign. Creation of new sign if needed.
- Fifth stage: Creation of draft signs on internet
- Sixth stage: Making definitions in BSL
- Seventh stage: Signs and definitions on internet to check
- Eighth stage: Translation of definition to English
- The Chemistry group: lab videos
Issues that arose about definitions
- Using technical terms in definitions of other signs
- Creating a web of ideas
- Deaf children can build concepts independently
- We need to be more systematic about using our own signs
Evaluation of the project
- Evaluation funded by Learning Teaching Scotland in 2008
- Questionnaire for teachers
- Interviews with deaf children
- Interviews with project team members
Deaf children's comments
- Good and useful website - all in BSL
- Would like subtitles for the scientific terms
- Need more science terms
- More images
- More examples and lab movies
- Too many signs to learn
- Some definitions missing
- Some definitions need more explanation
- Teachers hadn't told them how to get on the site
Using the Glossary site
- Teachers of deaf children preparing to teach a new topic
- CSWs/interpreters preparing before class
- Referring to the site in tutorial
- Encouraging deaf pupils to use it at home for independent study
- Introducing parents to the site
Temporary signs
- ToDs, CSWs and deaf pupils often make temporary arrangements
- Problem is no standardisation
- Beginner users of BSL don't understand sign morphology well enough to create signs
Collecting existing signs
- Schools and colleges could run similar projects rather than waiting for the SSC to cover all subject areas
- Please try to follow the same principles of Deaf leadership
- Examples: printers, fishing, car maintenance, history
Conclusion
- Glossary project is a long-term one
- Only used by small number of deaf pupils, but these pupils need much better access to the curriculum
- Signing levels of ToDs, CSWs and support staff need to be NVQ 3 minimum
- Across Scotland we can do a lot more sign collection in a range of subjects, but we need to work using the same principles
References
- Edinburgh University Scottish Sensory Centre science and maths website: http://www.ssc.education.ed.ac.uk/bsl/list.html
- Wolverhampton University Science Signs website:
http://www.sciencesigns.ac.uk/home_glossary.asp
Accessed 20.09.11 - NTID USA Science and Maths Signs website: http://www.rit.edu/ntid/sciencesigns/ Accessed 20.09.11
Brennan, M (1992) The visual world of BSL in Dictionary of BSL/English (ed Brien, D). London: Faber& Faber
Lang, H, Huppa, M, Monte, D, Brown, S, Babb, I & Scheifele, P (2006) A Study of Technical Signs in Science: Implications for Lexical Database Development. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 2007 12(1):65-79.
Smith, C & Ingle, C (2008) Let's Sign Science. Cambridge: Widgit.
Our contacts Dr Audrey Cameron audrey.m.cameron@ed.ac.uk
Gary Quinn G.A.Quinn@hw.ac.uk
Rachel O'Neill rachel.oneill@ed.ac.uk